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Dry skin can feel rough, tight and itchy, and it may look dull or flaky. It is very common, especially with age. Simple changes to bathing and moisturising often help, but ongoing or severe dryness deserves a check.
What does dry skin look like?
Dry skin is often dull, rough and scaly, and it may crack. It can occur anywhere, but the shins are the area most often affected. Severe dryness can become inflamed.
What causes dry skin?
- Environment: low humidity, cold or windy weather, air conditioning and direct heat.
- Washing: long or hot baths, harsh soaps, detergents and alcohol-based products.
- Age: DermNet says nearly everyone over 60 has dry skin.
- Family history: it is often linked to atopic dermatitis or inherited skin conditions.
- Medical conditions and medicines: these include low thyroid function, chronic kidney disease, and some medicines, such as oral retinoids and diuretics.
How should I wash dry skin?
Bathe less often and use lukewarm rather than hot water. Short showers are better than long soaks. Swap regular soap for a gentle cleanser, bath oil or colloidal oatmeal.
How should I use moisturiser?
Emollients are the mainstay of treatment. Apply moisturiser generously and often, especially after bathing and whenever your skin feels itchy. Applying it to damp skin works well, and very dry areas, like hands, may need a thicker layer.
Which type of moisturiser should I choose?
The best choice depends on how dry your skin is, how well you tolerate the product, what you prefer and its cost. Products containing humectants, which help the skin hold water, tend to work well. A pharmacist can help you compare options.
You can read more in our information on glycerin cream and white soft paraffin. Paraffin-based products carry a serious fire warning, so please read it before use.
What else can help at home?
- Use a humidifier in winter.
- Manage air conditioning in summer.
- Stay well hydrated.
- Avoid rough clothing that rubs your skin.
Why does dry skin need attention?
Dry, itchy areas can progress to eczema or dermatitis, and cracks in the skin can allow infection.
When should I get medical advice?
See your doctor or a dermatologist if your skin is severely dry, cracked or inflamed, stays itchy despite moisturising, or looks infected. Also get advice if dryness starts suddenly in adulthood, or comes with other new symptoms.
Source: DermNet: Dry skin.
General education does not replace individual medical advice. Updated November 2026.
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