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Folic acid is a man-made form of vitamin B9, also called folate. It is used to treat folate deficiency anaemia, and it helps reduce the risk of serious conditions in a developing baby, such as spina bifida.
What about pregnancy?
The NHS advises taking folic acid for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, and starting before conception, ideally about 3 months earlier. Some women need a higher dose, so ask your doctor, pharmacist or midwife what suits you. Check before taking a multivitamin during pregnancy.
What are the common side effects?
Tablets can cause bloating, wind, nausea and loss of appetite.
Who should check first?
- People with vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia or pernicious anaemia
- People with a coronary stent
- People with cancer
- People who have had an allergic reaction to it
Can it interact with other medicines?
Yes, including some epilepsy medicines such as phenytoin, some antibiotics, sulfasalazine, lithium and aspirin. Alcohol can reduce how well it works.
When should I get help?
Seek urgent help for swelling of the face, throat or tongue, or trouble breathing. Too many multivitamins can be dangerous, so keep them away from children.
Doses vary, so follow your prescriber, pharmacist and the medicine label. In an emergency, call triple zero (000). For a possible overdose, call the Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26.
Source: NHS: About folic acid and NHS: Who can and cannot take folic acid. General education does not replace individual medical advice. Updated November 2026.
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